John McPhee His Life and Work

Once called â€Å"the best journalist in America†Ã‚  by The Washington Post,  John Angus McPhee (born March 8, 1931, in Princeton, New Jersey) is a writer and Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University. Regarded as the key figure in the field of creative nonfiction, his book Annals of the Former World won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction. Early Life John McPhee was born and raised in Princeton New Jersey. The son of a physician who worked for Princeton Universitys athletic department, he attended Princeton High School and then the university itself, graduating in 1953 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then went to Cambridge to study at Magdalene College for a year. While at Princeton, McPhee appeared frequently on an early television game show called â€Å"Twenty Questions,† wherein contestants attempted to guess the object of the game by asking yes or no questions. McPhee was one of a group of â€Å"whiz kids† appearing on the show. Professional Writing Career From 1957 to 1964, McPhee worked at Time magazine as an associate editor. In 1965 he jumped to The New Yorker as a staff writer, a life-long goal; over the course of the next five decades, the majority of McPhee’s journalism would appear in the pages of that magazine. He published his first book that year as well; A Sense of Where You Are was an expansion of a magazine profile he’d written about Bill Bradley, professional basketball player and, later, U.S. Senator. This set a life-long pattern of McPhee’s longer works beginning as shorter pieces initially appearing in The New Yorker. Since 1965, McPhee has published 30 books on a wide variety of subjects, as well as countless articles and standalone essays in magazines and newspapers. All of his books started off as shorter pieces that appeared or were intended for The New Yorker. His work has covered an incredibly wide range of subject matter, from profiles of individuals (Levels of the Game) to examinations of entire regions (The Pine Barrens) to scientific and academic subjects, most notably his series of books concerning the geology of the western United States, which were collected into the single volume Annals of the Former World, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction in 1999. McPhee’s most famous and widely-read book is Coming into the Country, published in 1976. It was the product of a series of travels through the state of Alaska accompanied by guides, bush pilots, and prospectors. Writing Style McPhee’s subjects are very personal—he writes about things he’s interested in, which in 1967 included oranges, the subject of his 1967 book titled, appropriately enough, Oranges. This personal approach has led some critics to consider McPhee’s writing to be a unique genre called Creative Nonfiction, an approach to factual reporting that brings an intimately personal slant to the work. Instead of seeking merely to report facts and paint accurate portraits, McPhee infuses his work with an opinion and viewpoint presented so subtly it’s often overlooked consciously even as it’s absorbed unconsciously. Structure is the key element of McPhee’s writing. He has stated that structure is what absorbs most of his effort when working on a book, and he laboriously outlines and arranges the work’s structure before writing a word. His books are therefore best understood in the order in which they present information, even if the individual essay-like sections contain beautiful and elegant writing, which they frequently do. Reading a work by John McPhee is more about understanding why he chooses to relay an anecdote, factual list, or momentous event at the time in his narrative that he does. This is what sets McPhee’s nonfiction apart from other works, and what makes it creative in a way most other nonfiction work is not—the manipulation of structure. Instead of following a simple linear timeline, McPhee treats his subjects almost as fictional characters, choosing what to reveal about them and when without actually inventing or fictionalizing anything. As he wrote in his book on the craft of writing, Draft No. 4: You’re a nonfiction writer. You can’t move [events] around like a king’s pawn or a queen’s bishop. But you can, to an important and effective extent, arrange a structure that is completely faithful to fact. As Educator In his role as Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University (a post he has held since 1974), McPhee teaches a writing seminar two out of every three years. It’s one of the most popular and competitive writing programs in the country, and his former students include acclaimed writers such as Richard Preston (The Hot Zone), Eric Schlosser (Fast Food Nation), and Jennifer Weiner (Good in Bed). When he is teaching his seminar, McPhee does no writing at all. His seminar is reportedly focused on craft and tools, to the point where he has been known to pass around the pencils he uses in his own work for students to examine. As such it’s an unusual writing class, a throwback to an era when writing was a profession like any other, with tools, processes, and accepted norms that could earn a respectable if not flashy income. McPhee concentrates on the building of narratives from the raw ingredients of words and facts, not the elegant turning of phrases or other artistic concerns. McPhee has referred to writing as â€Å"masochistic, mind-fracturing self-enslaved labor† and famously keeps a print of sinners being tortured (in the style of Hieronymus Bosch) outside his office at Princeton. Personal life McPhee has been married twice; first to photographer Pryde Brown, with whom he fathered four daughters—Jenny and Martha, who grew up to be novelists like their father, Laura, who grew up to be a photographer like her mother, and Sarah, the outlier who became an architectural historian. Brown and McPhee divorced in the late 1960s, and McPhee married his second wife, Yolanda Whitman, in 1972. He has lived in Princeton his whole life. Awards and Honors 1972: National Book Award (nomination), Encounters with the Archdruid1974: National Book Award (nomination), The Curve of Binding Energy1977: Award in Literature from the Academy of Arts and Letters1999: Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction, Annals of the Former World2008: George Polk Career Award for lifetime achievement in journalism Famous Quotes â€Å"If by some fiat I had to restrict all this writing to one sentence, this is the one I would choose: The summit of Mt. Everest is marine limestone.† â€Å"I used to sit in class and listen to the terms come floating down the room like paper airplanes.† â€Å"In making war with nature, there was risk of loss in winning.† â€Å"A writer has to have some kind of compulsive drive to do his work. If you dont have it, youd better find another kind of work, because its the only compulsion that will drive you through the psychological nightmares of writing.† â€Å"Almost all Americans would recognize Anchorage, because Anchorage is that part of any city where the city has burst its seams and extruded Colonel Sanders.† Impact As an educator and writing teacher, McPhee’s impact and legacy are obvious. It’s estimated that about 50% of the students who have taken his writing seminar have gone on to careers as writers or editors or both. Hundreds of well-known writers owe some of their success to McPhee, and his influence on the current state of nonfiction writing is enormous, as even writers who haven’t been lucky enough to take his seminar are deeply influenced by him. As a writer, his impact is more subtle but equally profound. McPhee’s work is nonfiction, traditionally a dry, often humorless and impersonal field where accuracy was valued more than any kind of enjoyment. McPhee’s work is factually accurate and educational, but it incorporates his own personality, private life, friends and relationships and—most importantly—a buzzing sort of passion for the subject at hand. McPhee writes about subjects that interest him. Anyone who has ever experienced the sort of curiosity that sets off a reading binge recognizes in McPhee’s prose a kindred spirit, a man who sinks into expertise on a subject out of simple curiosity. That intimate and creative approach to nonfiction has influenced several generations of writers and transformed nonfiction writing into a genre almost as ripe with creative possibilities as fiction. While McPhee doesn’t invent facts or filter events through a fiction filter, his understanding that structure makes the story has been revolutionary in the nonfiction world. At the same time, McPhee represents the last remnant of a writing and publishing world that no longer exists. McPhee was able to get a comfortable job at a famous magazine shortly after graduating college and has been able to choose the subjects of his journalism and books, often without any sort of measurable editorial control or budgetary concern. While this is certainly due in part to his skill and value as a writer, it’s also an environment that young writers can no longer expect to encounter in the age of listicles, digital content, and shrinking print budgets. Selected Bibliography A Sense of Where You Are (1965)The Headmaster (1966)Oranges (1967)The Pine Barrens (1968)A Roomful of Hovings and Other Profiles (1968)Levels of the Game (1969)The Crofter and the Laird (1970)Encounters with the Archdruid (1971)The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed (1973)The Curve of Binding Energy (1974)The Survival of the Bark Canoe (1975)Pieces of the Frame (1975)The John McPhee Reader (1976)Coming into the Country (1977)Giving Good Weight (1979)Basin and Range (1981)In Suspect Terrain (1983)La Place de la Concorde Suisse (1984)Table of Contents (1985)Rising from the Plains (1986)Looking for a Ship (1990)Arthur Ashe Remembered (1993)Assembling California (1993)Irons in the Fire (1997)Annals of the Former World (1998)Founding Fish (2002)Uncommon Carriers (2006)Silk Parachute (2010)Draft No. 4: On the Writing Process (2017)

Critically Evaluate the Cognitive Theory of Stereotyping.

Critically evaluate the cognitive theory of stereotyping. B231: Social Interaction, Exam Paper 1998, Question 4. Graeme Gordon Stereotyping is a form of pre judgement that is as prevalent in todays society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorisation is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a depressing dilemma. Browns (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the holding of derogatory social attitudes†¦show more content†¦Categorisation is seen as a way of ordering what we perceive (Billig, 1985), stimuli of the external world that needs to be simplified, using iconic images, to pass into our short-term memory (Neisser, 1976). This simplification process transforms James blooming, buzzing confusion into a more manageable world in which it is easier to adapt - categorisation is a cognitive adaptation. For we do not have the capability to respond differently to each stimulus, whether it be a person, an object, or an event. Categorisation is important in every day life, as well as in the most extreme of circumstances - for example, the discrimination between friend and foe. For categorisation to be useful, we enhance the difference between groups. This was found to be the case at both social and physical levels, and later became known as the accentuation principle (see above). However, the distinction between physical stimuli and social objects must be made clear. We ourselves our social objects, thus, we are implicated by such categorisations. As Hogg and Abrams (1988) state: it would be perilous to disregard this consideration. This can be seen in the accentuation of out-group homogeneity (Park and Rothbart, 1982). Tajfel (1981) made two hypothesis on the cognitive consequences of categorisation. First, that if stimuli are put into categories, then this in itself enhances the difference between groups.Show MoreRelatedOutline Of Social Identity Theory1278 Words   |  6 PagesOutline social identity theory and with reference to recent research critically evaluate the strategies individuals or groups might use to achieve a positive social identity. Social Identity Theory (SIT) is a relational term, defining who we are as a function of our similarities and differences with others. It is shared with others and provides a basis for shared social action and the meanings associated with any social identity are products of our collective history and present. 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Analyzing the legalization of drugs Free Essays

Introduction The increase in the drug cases during the years has lead several propositions from various individuals, one of which is the legalization of drugs. Since the widespread use of illegal drugs has eventually persisted throughout the expanse of time, and with the failure to contain the issue of illegal drug use, one suggested solution is to amend the law by legalizing the use of drugs or by putting it finally under the control and mandate of the law. However, the judicial system has had to cope with the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing the legalization of drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now The need to reexamine the existing methods of managing and handling these drug cases proportionally rose with the persistence of illegal drugs amidst existing legal sanctions. This had led to the processing of drug cases not only in court but even outside the court. This is to cope with the great number of drug offenders of varying levels getting apprehended everyday. There were several judicial strategies conceived in order to deal with the massive amount of drug cases. These judicial strategies include the creation of specialized divisions of a drug court in some trial courts, sped-up case processing procedures, deferred prosecution programs requiring court-supervised treatment and counseling and more. There are also combinations of these strategies, all to speed-up the processing of these cases. These cases are screened beforehand in order to know what degree and what level of judicial supervisions would be applicable for the case. This is also essential for early treatment intervention and rehabilitation of the offenders, so as to stop the continued drug abuse and the likelihood of crimes. On the other hand, arguments for the legalization of drugs are constantly being hurled forward in order to finally resolve the existing contentions against the ill-effects of drugs as well as for the perceived benefits both the government and the individuals can actually obtain from legalizing these substances. Arguments for the legalization of drugs One of the most common drugs in the society today is Marijuana. It is known scientifically as the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, where the leaves are being dried up, rolled into sheets of paper and be smoked just like cigarette or tobacco. It is the most often used illegal drug in the world, known in various names all over, like â€Å"pot,† â€Å"herb,† and â€Å"Mary Jane.† Some users can make use of marijuana by mixing it into food substances or drink it by brewing it with tea. The addictive element of marijuana is its Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC content. The effect of marijuana would depend on how strong or how potent is its Tetrahydrocannabinol content, thus also giving various effects on the marijuana users (Dell and Snyder 630). One of the reasons for finally legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is founded on the historical context of the â€Å"illegal† substance. In America, for instance, those who lived in the area of Jamestown back in 1611 raised marijuana under the order of King James I for the purpose of crafting rope for the naval force of the British. The â€Å"herb†, as it has been called, also served as a medicinal substance specifically for George Washington who planted marijuana within the premises of Mount Vernon and that the plant was categorized as a prescription medicine until 1937 (Smith 101). Marijuana also has positive sides which can be used as an argument for its eventual legalization. One of the beneficial effects of the use of marijuana rests on its utility for the control of symptoms, especially in chemotherapy procedures, as an â€Å"effective antiemetic† among patients with health profiles such as cancer and â€Å"AIDS patients with wasting syndrome† which led to â€Å"a greater ability to cope emotionally with disabling or life-threatening illness (Gorman 23). Moreover, under the rule of Emperor Chen Nung of ancient China five centuries ago, marijuana has been declared as well as a plant that has medicinal value in terms of curing malaria, rheumatism, constipation, â€Å"absentmindedness† as well as the claims for mental and bodily disorders suffered by women (Grinspoon and Bakalar 3). There is also the contention for the prospect of establishing a regulated drug market which can be a profitable source of government tax. This idea illustrates the observation that the widespread use of illegal drugs and its potential to be a market commodity can overcome the legal restrictions ascribed unto it.   A controlled degree of the regulation of marijuana, for example, creates, instead, an increase in government revenues that may outweigh or, at least, come close to the actual government payments on law enforcement against the production, distribution and consumption of marijuana (Caputo and Ostrom 475). Refutations Drug Abuse is one of the most common criminal cases in the society today. It is a form of substance abuse, just like alcoholism, since these illicit drugs are actually addictive in nature. Because of this, many people who are hooked on drugs cannot easily let go of the addiction, and would often lead to drug-related crimes like robbery, physical assault, or even murder. Not only does these drugs dangerous to others, but it is also harmful in the drug users’ body, causing the body to take into negative turns, like deterioration and organ failures. When a person smokes or inhales marijuana smoke, he would usually feel rapid heart beats, loss of coordination and decreased sense of balance, slow reaction rate and a dry mouth. These are already signs of marijuana intoxication, along with the expansion of blood vessels in the eye, that’s why marijuana users usually have red eyes. The effects of marijuana would usually last two to three hours, where the marijuana user would usually tend to be sleepy. The negative effects of using marijuana would be hindering the user’s short term memory, wherein it would be difficult for him to remember recent events. This would usually lead to car crashes and other accidents, since their sense of coordination is greatly affected. Another dangerous drug would be cocaine. This drug’s effect on the body is really damaging, where addiction to cocaine could bring about permanent damages in one’s body or even death. Cocaine has both short term and long term effects. The short term effects are immediately noticeable, but not that damaging as compared to the long term ones. The common short term effects are a feeling of boosted energy, a decrease in a person’s appetite, and a rather hyped heart rate and blood pressure. There are still many other types of illegal drugs and similar forms of substances that create ill-effects to the overall health of individuals, oftentimes resulting for them to commit crimes that they could not have possibly committed had they not taken these illegal substances. Conclusion Although several illegal substances can actually bring forth benefits for individuals, the negative consequences outweigh these positive sides. Further, not all of these substances have positive effects when used, and that the negative consequences of illegal drug use oftentimes lead to crimes and violence. For these reasons along with the refutations against the legalization of drugs, it can be asserted that the legalization of drugs should not be taken as the ultimate measure for solving illegal drug issues. Rather, the reasons behind the legalization of drugs should be taken as a means in finding the deeper refutations against it. References Caputo, M. R., and B. J. Ostrom. â€Å"Potential Tax Revenue from a Regulated Marijuana Market: A Meaningful Revenue Source.† American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53.4 (1994): 475-90. Cocaine-Effects.com. â€Å"Cocaine Effects.† 2001. Dell, D. D., and J. A. Snyder. â€Å"Marijuana: Pro and Con.† The American Journal of Nursing 77.4 (1977): 630. Gorman, M. â€Å"Substance Abuse.† The American Journal of Nursing 97.11 (1997): 23. Grinspoon, L., and J. B. Bakalar. â€Å"The History of Cannabis.†Ã‚   Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine. London: Yale University Press, 1997. 3. Smith, G. R. W. â€Å"Possession of Marijuana in San Mateo County: Some Social Costs of Criminalization.† Stanford Law Review 22.1 (1969): 101.    How to cite Analyzing the legalization of drugs, Essay examples

Business Ethics and Points Question free essay sample

A group of young professionals were discussing the relationship between law and business. Adam argues that law primarily benefits the owners of businesses at the expense of workers and customers, while Beth takes the opposite position that law primarily benefits the individual employees, customers and others, at the expense of the owners of businesses. Charlie posits that all parties are better off because of the presence of law, while David asserts that law is not a significant factor in the conduct of business. Based on your text, which persons view is most accurate? Answer A. Adam B. Beth C. Charlie D. David . 10 points Question 2 Which of the following is NOT true about law? Answer A. Law should be demonstrably fair to all concerned. B. Law should accurately reflect the beliefs of the majority of citizens. C. Neither of the above is true D. Both of the above are true . 10 points Question 3 When faced with the possibility of wrongdoing, which of the following is most appropriate? Answer A. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics and Points Question or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you first hear of an issue, immediately appoint a board to investigate it, incorporating board members from other work areas, from other geographical sites, and from H. R. B. Bring in outside experts if an internal investigation is to be conducted. C. Bring in the outside experts, but never conduct any preliminary inquiries, because that would taint the investigation process. D. Conduct the preliminary investigation, then if additional information substantiates the rumors and an internal investigation is to be conducted, bring in outside experts. . 10 points Question 4 Which of the following is the best example of an ethical act? Answer A. Passing a law that guarantees that employees will be paid a living wage that is higher than the federal minimum wage. B. Doing something that you sincerely believe is the right thing to do even if it does not benefit you personally is an example of an ethical act. C. Considering the impact on and perspectives of all significant stakeholders before making a decision. D. All the above are equally good examples of ethical acts. . 10 points Question 5 If a proposed action is legal but does not maximize shareholder value, should the action be taken anyway? Answer A. Yes. B. Take the action if it would unethical to refrain from taking the action. C. Take the action if it is an ethical action. D. No. . 10 points Question 6 Which of the following is most correct about how law in various countries relates to corporate governance? Answer A. Countries have arrived at a consensus of how the interests of various business stakeholders should be balanced, resulting in the direct facilitation of international trade and finance. B. Industrialized countries do not have public policy regarding laws that impact business, relying instead on the free market to regulate business behaviors. C. Much of the current debate on what constitutes good corporate governance turns on how much weight to give to the interests of shareholders, debtholders, employees, customers and suppliers, and to the protection of the environment. D. Both A and B are true. . 10 points Question 7 Which of the following best describes how law and ethics are related? Answer a. The law does not prohibit all bad behavior. An action that is unethical will nonetheless be illegal. b. The law does not prohibit all bad behavior. An action that is illegal may nonetheless be ethical. c. The law does not prohibit all bad behavior. An action that is unethical may nonetheless be legal. d. The law does not prohibit all bad behavior. An action that is unethical will nonetheless not be illegal. . 10 points Question 8 Acme corporations manufacturing plant was discovered to be pouring toxic waste into a creek that flows to a large river. The Environmental Protection Agency fined the corporation one million dollars. Which of the following is true about this fine? Answer A. It will not punish the wrongdoer(s). B. It will punish the wrongdoers because it will be paid by the parties who caused the toxic pollution. C. It will punish the wrongdoers because it will reduce the value of the stockholders shares, and they own the company. D. Both B and C are correct. . 10 points Question 9 Which of the following is a topic considered in discussions of corporate social responsibility? Answer A. Product Safety B. Targeted Advertising C. Conflicts of Interest D. All of the above. . 10 points Question 10 The ethical test of Do unto others as you would have them do unto you is an illustration of which ethical theory? Answer A. Teleological School of Ethics B. Utilitarianism C. Reversibility D. Universalizability

Problem Solving Essays (426 words) - Artificial Intelligence

Problem Solving Like most people I have problems, but like some of those people running away from the problem is not an option. Sometimes thinking of a solution thoroughly isn't always the first thing on my mind. Thinking back on my past problems I found that sometimes thinking of a solution thoroughly was the only thing on my mind On September 18, 2000 I started to take a psychology course provided by the BMCC-College Now program. On Monday October 8, 2000 I went on a job interview at Citigate Dewe Rogerson. On Tuesday October 9, 2000 I was given the opportunity to play girls softball for my school. On Wednesday October 10, 2000 I got a phone call asking me when would be available to start at the prestigious company. My reply was right away. That's where the conflict began. I decided to set my priorities straight and categorize my options from most to least important. The job came first only because I really needed the money. Next came the college course because it's free and I've already invested my time into it. Finally came softball something I always wanted to do, but just never had the time. I narrowed it down to discontinue either softball or the college course. I then arranged every possible solution with every possible consequence. If I stop taking the college course then I'll get a full advantage of year round practice before the actual games begin. If I continue the college course I have the chance of going to college with a couple of credits. After some thought I discussed my dilema over with my cousin and he sort of shed some light on my situation. He reminded me that I was a senior and that this year should be one that I would want to remember for a long time. He told me that I would never get the opportunity to have another senior year in which I can play softball in highschool. Eureka! Taking consideration to what my cousin said I decided to continue taking the college course meanwhile work part-time at Citigate Dewe Rogerson. When the next semester comes I will play softball and discontinue the college course. The end result will be knowledge, money in my pocket, even more athletic ability, and most importantly my happiness. With this new found knowledge of problem solving, in a lot of ways I did the right thing. I categorized my options, understood what results may come by generating solutions, and then I decided which solution alternative was Psychology Essays

Importance of Punctuality Essays

Importance of Punctuality Essays Importance of Punctuality Paper Importance of Punctuality Paper Importance of Punctuality Punctuality is the habit of doing things exactly in time. A punctual person in most cases will be a winner everywhere. A person who is punctual is always one step ahead of others. If one does not work promptly and punctually it is bound to have a negative impact of various aspects of one’s life. Punctuality is essential for man in every walk of life and the same time it is fundamentally instilled in the character of every successful man too. For students it is a great blessing. If we are punctual we will get enough time to do our work according to our plan. Punctuality is inevitable everywhere. In business it is equally, if not, more important. If we want to be successful entrepreneurs and managers, we have to be very particular about time, ours and that of others. The failure to keep up an engagement punctually may mean a setback for business. In schedule-driven jobs, unpunctuality can have a direct effect on a company’s bottom line. When calls go unanswered, deliveries are late or an assembly line can’t operate the impact is always tremendous. In other jobs, the effect might be more scattered but at the same time can also be significantly damaging, to both productivity and morale. In places like hospitals, punctuality can obviously make all the difference, of course between life and death. A punctual person never faces any difficulty as far as time is concerned. He commands respect and admiration of all who work with him and is an asset to the organization that he is a part of. Everybody likes to work with such a person. On the contrary an unpunctual person sees himself in arrears as days pass and is gradually filled with despair. He generally causes inconvenience to others and is most of the time a liability. If we study the lives of great men, we find that punctuality was one of the secrets of their success in life. The necessity of doing our work punctually should be felt more keenly because we live today in a complicated society where each work is dependent on the other. The smooth working of the modern world is due to an increasing recognition of the necessity of doing our work punctually. Punctuality being so important in life, it is necessary for every man to cultivate this habit from the very beginning. Once we are punctual, our labors will be lightened, our mind disciplined and our life will be much easier and brighter. Being on time, every time, conveys far more than just a good sense of timing. It tells people that you’re on top of things, that you’re organized, that you can be counted on, that you value them, and, ultimately, that you value yourself. However, for the not so punctual, often referred to as ‘tardy’, many measures can be taken to improve and be rid of this habit. The first step is admitting to the problem of being late. Everything suffers right from relationships to work. It is then important to find solutions to get rid of the problem by adopting certain measures. Some steps I think that would help many, including me, are as follows: Always keeping a watch at hand. Keeping a watch in every room. Waking up early in the morning. Making a timetable for routines and stick to it. Planning events early. Do not wait for the last moment. Maintaining a diary of events, to observe improvement. Observing where time is lost and trying to correct it. Thus, in my future endeavours, I shall try to the best of my ability to reach on time and the follow the path of punctuality.

The Fall of Enron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Fall of Enron - Essay Example It was 1985 when Kenneth Lay’s Houston Natural Gas merged with Nebraskan-Northern Natural Gas Company’s holding company, InterNorth, to form Enron. The two separate companies were primarily dealing with the distribution and transmission of oil and electricity in the United States of America. They were also active in the construction, development and maintenance of power plants, pipelines and other similar infrastructure worldwide (Wikipedia, 2006). Under the new company name, Lay was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer and wanted to expand Enron’s market share as he had envisioned for his former venture. Houston Natural Gas had previously been in the business of generating their revenues from junk bonds from which its proceeds were used in the formation of Enron. Kenneth Lay aimed at becoming the biggest player in the energy sector through successful trade earnings from futures contracts (NPR, 2006). To his advantage, Spectrum 7, an oil-well concern welcomed a partnership with Enron a year after its creation. Spectrum 7 was headed by George W. Bush, son of the then-Vice President George H. W. Bush. With falling gas prices in the mid 1980’s, Enron and other gas firms vigorously lobbied for deregulation. The deregulation action came into effect when buyers switched to the cheaper alternative – fuel oil. No doubt fluctuating gas prices allowed Enron to start marketing gas futures; securing gas prices at later date promised to their stakeholders. Similarly, the company lobbied once again for electricity just before selling electric power futures contracts (NPR, 2006). From then on, Enron was aggressive in expanding its services in the water utility sector by creating Azurix that partly collapsed on the NYSE in 1999 and shut down operations in 2001 (Wikipedia, 2006). Jeffery Skilling was hired in 1990 to lead the new division – Enron

Literacy evidence questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy evidence questions - Coursework Example Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation... People find a prince "praiseworthy" who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery. Question 3 (2 points)Save The following passage is from The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli. Imagine that it appears on page 92 of a literary anthology. How praiseworthy a prince is who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery, everybody realizes. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. According to Machiavelli, a prince who "keeps his promises and lives with sincerity" is recognized as a praiseworthy prince. Question 4 (2 points)Save The following passage is from The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli. Imagine that it appears on page 92 of a literary anthology. How praiseworthy a prince is who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery, everybody realizes. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Everyone knows, says Machiavelli, that a prince who keeps

Personal Skills and Self Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Skills and Self Management - Essay Example Having started my career at the ANZ Banking Group about 14 years ago as an operator of Grade 2, I have progressed in my field and am now serving in the ANZ as Level 3 Supervisor within the Loan Operation Department. I hope to progress further and become the Operation State Manager in ANZ and get placed in Category C. The Operation State Manager manages two teams in the Institutional Loan Division. This includes 13 workers and 5 business units. The fact that the Operation State Manager has to take care of the business units in addition to the workers increases and complicates his duties manifolds. He is also expected to achieve the goals of higher management and meet stakeholder expectations. Duties of the Operation State Manager can be fundamentally classified into the four universally known functions of management namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling. One of the most important skills required of a Operation State Manager is communication because he has to interact wi th hundreds of people on daily basis. The word of Operation State Manager means a lot to them. ... If I am to become the Operation State Manager later in my career, it is imperative that I concentrate on improving my communication skills. For that, I would need to gain a good understanding of different styles of communication for use in different kinds of situations. There are four basic styles of communication namely assertive, aggressive, passive, and passive-aggressive. A manager has to see which style fits a particular situation. I also have to analyze the barriers to effective communication. Nevertheless, the manager needs to be more assertive in his communication because it promotes understanding and diffuses anger. ANZ defines leadership characteristics as supportive for the organizational culture. Hence, in order to be a successful manager In ANZ, I would need to conduct thorough analysis of the organizational culture, aims and objectives and accord my leadership qualities with them. The Operation State Manager at ANZ is necessarily a role model for the subordinates and th ey acquire motivation for him. Therefore, I would need to learn how to motivate employees. I would need to conduct a detailed literature review to identify the factors that serve as the biggest source of motivation for the workforce. Such factors include but may not be limited to money, promotion, paid leave and added privileges. It is important for me to optimize my own leadership skills instead of trying to copy other leaders because I believe that effective leadership originates in original personality rather than an artificial one. I expect myself to be ready for this position in the next 3-5 years. Communication and conflict resolution are two of the most fundamental aspects of my current capabilities

Internationalization And Globalization Strategy Business Essay

Internationalization And Globalization Strategy Business Essay This paper attempts to explore the notion of regionalisation in the global context and critically analyse the theory and practice of regional strategy as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino analysis. Globalization, Regionalisation, Regional Strategy Theory. Executive Summary It is clear enough that in todays era it is extremely critical for firms to adopt global and regional business strategies in order to attain sustainable competitive advantage. But the question arises regarding classification of a MNE (Multinational Enterprise) as a global firm. This essay critically analyses the work on regional strategy as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino and attempts to cover the following aspects in detail. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy This section highlights the notion of globalization and way organizations today establish a global presence by adoption of unique business strategies. This part also details the three different kind of global strategies. Regional Strategy Analysis This part analyzes the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in todays era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs global MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Theory of the Regional Strategy This section explains the concept of regional strategy analysis and illustrates the various regional theories as explained by Osegowitsch and Sammartino. Introduction With the concept of globalization and internationalization gaining more and more momentum everyday, this essay attempts to critically analyse the work of Osegowitsch and Sammartino on regional strategy. It starts with explaining the concept of globalisation and global strategy and tries to justify that in todays era very few global firms exist. Secondly, it tries to establish that significant amount of international business literature and theory is demanded in order to draw conclusion on regional vs global MNEs strategy by exploring the theory of regional strategy. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy Globalization can be defined as a complex concept which enables firms to operate in various continents and countries across the globe in order to improve and maximise their profit margins, sustainability, worldwide existence and economies of scale (Blyton et al., 2001, p446). Globalization provides platform not only to consumers but also to organizations to help them satisfy their needs globally. According to Marquardt Berger (2003, p286), Trade, Travel, Technology and Television are the four major developments that have resulted in Globalization. The four Ts of global development are the outcome of human brain and its creative innovations. These advancements have further encouraged and made possible continuous exchange of ideas, information and knowledge between human resources by breaking the barriers of distance. Moving ahead, Bratton Gold (2007, p92) state that Globalization is a global process of political convergence, social economies and national sentiments, in which space, time and Government are not given much importance. The paragraph below will now highlight the three different views on global strategy. The First view states that the global strategy is one of the particular and specific forms of Multinational Enterprise (MNE) Strategy. Further, it highlights the fact that Globalization considers all the countries of the world alike (Levitt, 1983, p97). The Second view considers global strategy as International Strategic Management (Bruton et al., 2004, p418) which is no doubt wider concept than global strategy mentioned in the first view. Lastly, the third view describes global strategy in even broader term; The strategy of the firms that exist all over the globe and this can be concluded as the firms theory of how to become a successful competitor (Peng, 2006). Having discussed the various forms of global strategies which are adopted by firms today, this essay now moves ahead to analyse the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in todays era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs global MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Regional Strategy Theories According to Rugman and Verbeke (2007), recent literature on globalization suggests that a firm is categorised as global if maximum 50% of its total sales are in its home territory (EU) and minimum 20% of sales in each of the NAFTA zone and Asia. He adds to it by bringing to surface the outcome of survey based upon this theory that indicated only nine global firms in Fortune Global 500 and also the orientation of numerous firms towards the home-region. In response to the above mechanism for classifying the firm as global, Osegowitsch and Sammartino (OS) (2008) have provided three basic criteria and comments that can be helpful in future classification of firms according to their geographic sales dispersion. Firstly, OS suggest that it is not appropriate to classify statistical data straightaway. It should be realised that since this is a growing area of research, usage of any kind of classification tool is open to criticisms as it is not simply the categorization of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) following particular regional strategy theories. As an example, OS focus on building and having strong position in the region by illustrating that if the EU, NAFTA region and Asia represents 90% of the total world sales output, an absolute division would require all the three regional triads to have 30% sales each and not 33.3% in order to encourage the strategy of lower thresholds. In other words, a firm can be defined as global if it has at least 20% of the total sales in the two host-triad regions and without any kind of imposition on the maximum sales threshold in the home territory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p2). Additionally, it should also be noted that it is not at all relevant to cat egorize a firm as having strong position in the market if its threshold is lower than 20% of the total sales. OS even conducted a simulation using threshold value as 10% of the net sales in order to identify a string position in the host region as it would result to USD $1 billion even for the smallest of the Fortune Global 500 firms. But unfortunately, it didnt present a strong position and can by no means be considered as an essence for strategic decision making in the worlds largest organizations. OS clearly argues that using various thresholds is helpful in assessing the sensitivity of firms positions in the classification system but the main function should always be to provide an assessment of the Future Global 500 and to easily track firms whose thresholds are continuously changing from one category of threshold to another. A clear example of this is Nokia which encountered a 4% decline in sales in the year 2002. However, this change in sales pattern reflected a short term fa ilure in inter-regional growth but OS criticizes that it cannot be simply neglected. Movement of Nokia from a global organization in 2001 towards a home based firm in 2001 was a remarkable concern. In one line, it can be stated that having threshold below 20% simply leads to generation of more bi-regional firms and which cant be regarded as truly global organizations. Moving ahead, the second regional strategy criterion which OS highlights is that the sales variations are highly industry specific. According to OS, industry plays a significant role and all future researched should aim at exploring the regional vs global strategies at the industry specific levels and try to establish the difference. It is truism that a majority of firms are not properly internationalized and their sizes varies across regions but then its some of the worlds biggest MNEs that have constantly been regarded as capable of compensating for the weaknesses of the other sectors in different regions of the world. The main point to be considered is that our analysis are independent of differential size of numerous industries that exist across the region, as MNEs are able to establish regional markets and to further develop insufficient markets. Lastly, in third comment it is argued that it would be irrelevant to prefer regional strategy over global strategy. Regional strategies come into existence when it becomes very difficult or impossible to adopt conventional global strategies efficiently, or when they fail to function, keeping in mind that global strategies cannot be evaluated in isolation. Further, it can be said that heterogeneous geographic space beyond the home country border is essential for most of the companies now if not all of them. Moving ahead, this section of the essay will now make an attempt to tackle the criticism formed by OS concerning the contribution of regional strategy to the international business theory. According to (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p3), the regional strategy is structured around three simple but fundamental empirical observations which demand international business theory to be extended and enhanced. First of all, only a small number of MNEs have a balanced geographical sales distribution pattern across the global market, although it counts towards the risk diversification at the downstream end of the value chain. OS illustrate that a balanced and structured distribution of sales geographically would contribute towards enhanced global acceptance by the customers of the companys products and services. With only the exception of resource-based industries, the triad comprising the EU, NAFTA region and Asia demonstrates a first cut though not certainly a fixed one mechanism to identify the extent to which an MNEs net sales are distributed worldwide. Further, this triad has gained so much importance as it is the home of worlds most large MNEs as well as the locus for a number of outstanding innovations in most industrial sectors. The triad also demonstrates the world demand pattern for most knowledge intensive services and goods. But its unfortunate to mention that only a small number of MNEs in the Fortune Global 500 are capable of performing equally well in each of the three regions of the triad. It is often observed that a strong position in the home-triad region is not supported with an equally strong position in both the other two remaining triad environments. Classification tools are now irrelevant as among the firms with international operations only a small percentage are truly global i.e. may be even less than 5% (Ghemawat and Ghadar, 2006). They further add to it and state that different firms rule in different parts of the world. Second wing of the regional strategy focuses on the fact that several MNEs have regional features in the organizational structure such as geographic divisions and having individual divisions for different regions is supported mainly by the concept of regional heterogeneity demanding idiosyncratic management. In this case, the intra-regional institutional and economic distance is not just smaller but also very different from that of the interregional. It has been observed that for most MNEs, managing operations and work system in EU is very different from functioning system of the NAFTA region or as compared with the work cultural of Asian environment. These differences may further be enhanced if the work unit is further subdivided into smaller units. Fratiannin (2006) states that these differences in work system signal the importance of regional level in the business strategy and structure of MNEs. Today, almost all big firms such as Toyota, General Electric (GE) have embedded region al elements in their business and operational strategies and these companies are often wrongly referred to as global organizations not just because of lack of balanced geographic distribution but also because of their world wide global operations and manufacturing (Ghemawat, 2005, p102). Thirdly, it should be noted that more than fifty percent of the geographic area in terms of sales is normally the main source of the firms cash flows and the centre point of most of the firms both tangible and intangible assets. In the coming years, the concept of having more than 50% sales in the home territory would not be significant enough in EU and North America specifically but it would gain momentum in Asian region as intra-regional distance is minimizing and thereby driven by a reduction of investment barriers and trade. Competition among industries would be more prevalent at the regional level instead of the national level. OC highlight that attention should now be laid on the development of classification tool that will help bundle the home country sales with the sales in the remainder of the home territory rather than paying attention separately to the sales in the home region and remaining of the home region especially for MNEs based in Asia and EU. Moving ahead, the above discussed observations and theories clearly demonstrate the need for an extended international business theory. These observations are independent of specific categorization approaches to measure specific home-region vs rest-of-the-world market position of MNEs. A trend has always been seen that all the MNEs are much stronger in their home regions as compared to that in other triad regions. These top MNE firms have formulated their organizational structures around the regional component and a varying market position in each region raises call for a regional approach rather than a global strategy approach. The paragraph below now will bring to surface the three main components for the extension on mainstream international business theory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p3). Firstly, it is noticed that impact of country border does not provide strong basis for distinguishing between non- location bound (or internationally deployable/exploitable) and location bound. In todays period of excess regionalization, it is very easy for some companies to exploit and deploy their strengths throughout the home country border. Further, proxies for internationally transferable FSAs such as firms level predictors of internationalization like firms level of RD do not hold much importance in explaining intra-regional expansion occurring in home region, given the distance gap between the home country and rest of the home region is very less. As a result of well-functioning trans-European transport and logistics networks enabling fast response and just in time strategies covering the whole continent, the significance of geographic distance has decreased in EU. The EU integration process itself has let to decrease in Institutional distance. Further, Economic distance has l ost its relevance because of many reasons such as development of new services and products at par with European level, possibility of cross border shopping made possible by web based searches, continuous attempts made by many companies to gain scale and scope efficiencies at the European level and lastly, increased importance of EU as a geographic space to ascertain companys conduct, structure and importance. Finally, decreased significance of conventional measures of cultural distance mainly in the business to business area as it is easy to get labour in Europe, considerable increase in use of English as the lingua franca inside the region. On sharp contrast between past and present position of conventional location bound FSAs it can be clearly stated that previously they allowed firm expansion only upto country borders but now it can be easily upgraded, and made deployable and exploitable even beyond the home country borders and also in other home region countries. Secondly, their is a need to reconsider the fact that non-location-bound FSAs like technological knowledge or brand can be easily exploited and deployed nationwide. Today also it is necessary to complement existing FSA bundles with an additional FSA bundle in high distance environments which implies distance still plays an important role. According to Ghemawat (2005, p104), there are several ways to differentiate between low and high distance environments, one major distinction being that between home regions and host regions in a triad context. Moreover, it is clear that extension and scope of mainstream international theory is free from any scholars disagreeing with the concept of the triad region as the best proxy to discriminate between low-distance environments (in this case the home-triad region) and high-distance environment (in this case the two host-triad regions). High distance implies to making more substantial investments in order to complement its present FSA bundles, al so enabling maximum and profitable exploitation in the host region environment. Here, the apparent trade off becomes obvious: further the efforts to expand the high-distance environment may not be proved to be as successful and profitable as the expansion of low distance environment, even if it is suggested by macro-level parameters which measure the attractiveness of the high-distance environment that they have strong location advantages. As stated by Nachum and Wymbs (2007, p240) in regard to global cities that FSAs and location advantages are dependent on each other. High distance bundles also has many risk factors along with it like melding the extant FSA bundles with newly developed or accessed resources in the high distance environment may lead to burdened with several operational problems, decreased or disappointing sales, as exemplified by the retreat of some of the worlds largest MNEs from high-distance contexts, for example, Wal-Marts exit from Germany and Korea. . Thirdly, the theoretical difference between the two FSAs namely location bound and non-location bound FSAs assume conventionally easy developments and profitable exploitation of FSAs (like brand names or technological knowledge of proprietary) across borders. Moreover, it is very essential to acclimatize the brief contents of these two concepts to the authenticity of regionalization. More particularly, the factors that determine the extent of FSAs are, its distance accompanied by its geographic, institutional, economic and cultural components. The level at which a FSA should be called location-bound vs non-location bound is estimated by decay in value across a space. On the basis of terms like region bound nature of FSAs and the liability of inter regional foreignness it has been highlighted that for international business other geographic borders hold more importance than conventional country borders in our previous study. After studying the concepts and theories of regional strategy, we now try to establish the extent to which Procter Gamble could be categorized as a global firm in terms of its business and operational strategies. The Case of Procter Gamble Procter Gamble Co. One of the worlds leading consumer goods manufacturer such as Tide, Pantene, Ariel etc was established in 1837 from an original candle and soap company. The firm now operates in 180 nations with more than 138,000 employees. According to Lafley, A. G., Chairman of the Board and chief Executive Officer, PG, the firm has over 171 years of history and has always been driven by creativity and innovation. Additionally, improved sales and long term success have always been the strategic goals of this corporation. And it understands the fact that these goals can be attained by constantly appreciating changing consumers needs, innovation, branding and market needs. Depending entirely on skunk work such as acquisitions, internal RD and selective innovations has proved to be inefficient and insufficient for attaining the business target of $4 billion business in a time period of one year. It can be clearly seen that invent- it-ourselves model along with global research facilities and recruiting and holding of the best talent nationwide attained success till the year 2000 but nowadays satisfying high levels of top line growth has become a big challenge for an organization The approach through which the radical strategy of open innovation helped an organization attain its business mission and goal can be typified in the following lines. To face the challenge, PG adopted a brand new technique of innovation: Develop and Connect model in the year 2000 which lays great importance on searching good and new ideas and information outside and bringing them in, in order to give internal capabilities a boost and make most out of them. With the perspective of manufacturing improved and relatively cheaper products faster the business strategy involved in this model was to leverage assets of people, products and property available externally and applying it to their respective RD labs, purchasing, market capabilities and production. The foremost work of this strategy is to recognize top ten preferences and needs of the consumer. Moreover, it is very essential that the customers are fully satisfied by the products manufactured and which will finally result in increased sales and profit. Moving ahead, alike products or related technologies which already exist in the market and occupy good position are recognized. Lastly, analysing the influence of technological acquisition of one area over the other areas. Networking is the backbone of this approach. Along with having business collaborations with open networking companies such as InnoCentive and Ninesigma, the PG group has long chain of suppliers and technological entrepreneurs worldwide. They play a crucial role by finding solutions to PG internal problems in the outside world. Thus, by constructing such type of infrastructure PG has been able to reduce its investment in technology along with achieving stable top line growth and required sustainability. According to Huston, L. Sakkab, N., 2000, p.3 by shifting to Connect and Develop model their has been a remarkable increment in our RD production by 60% and the progress rate of innovation has undoubtedly doubled. The Procter Gamble figures out how an organization can maximize its profitability levels by switching to new and annovative The Procter Gamble examples mirrors the way how switching to new and innovative approaches of using information and technology can help maximise profit margins. It is one of the organisations which has developed enabling infrastructure fabricated around innovation with a huge world wide network combining human capital, ideas and technology. Conclusion This essay has brought to surface a number of strategies which can help firms to establish strong positions globally like having a threshold of 20% etc. The main aim which was to justify that a firm cannot be simply categorized as global based upon statistical data has been justified. A number of measures have also been illustrated which can help differentiate the firms regional strategy from the global strategy.

Chimpanzee Versus Humans: Similarities & Differences Essay -- essays r

Chimpanzee versus Humans: Similarities & Differences   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the first days of human thought into their beginnings, chimpanzees have played a vital role in showing who we were. The chimpanzee, one of the great apes, makes it home in the forests of Central and West Africa. Their long arms and legs adapt them for living in such regions as lowland jungles and mountainous regions. Humans are classified in the order Primates, and family Hominade. Within this family, human beings, our nearest living relatives, the African apes, are also placed. Though in some classification standards, apes are placed in the family Pongidae.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The defining characteristic of Hominids is their ability to walk bipedally, using two feet and walking upright. This form of movement lead to many adaptations within the Hominids skeleton. There are notable changes in the spinal cord, pelvis bone and legs. The chimpanzee does have the ability to walk upright and does, but it spends most of the time walking on four limbs. It uses it’s arms as it’s front legs and walks on it’s knuckles. Our brain capacity is about twice as large as that of the chimp. Humans have a brain capacity of 1300 to 1500 cc, while the chimps are about 600 - 800 cc. It is though by scientists that our brain size grew over time as were evolved into making complex tools and we became increasingly sophisticated. The human skull is slightly different from that of our primate ancest...

Insights into Coming of Age in James Joyce’s “Araby” Essay

In James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby†, the nameless, first person main character states at the end, â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (Joyce, page ? ). He reaches this insight only after allowing the object of his desire, Mangan’s sister, to overtake his dreams, his thoughts, and his entire life, describing such sentiments as seeing â€Å"the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side† (Joyce, page ? ) to the night he speaks with her about the Araby festival in the light from the porch which â€Å"caught the white border of a petticoat, just visible† (Joyce, page ? ). By the time he finally reaches the bazaar and finds it closing up for the night, he realizes that his quest to please the girl is not only irrational, but has caused him to forsake things such as his education, describing it as â€Å"ugly monotonous child’s play† (Joyce, page ? ). He had no care for his uncle, worrying only that the uncle would be in home in time so he could attend the festival. The narrator experiences such a let down when he arrives at Araby that a sudden truth emerges: he is not able to please Mangan’s sister and to allow this desire to overrun his life is both pointless and an exercise in vanity. In this respect, the narrator of â€Å"Araby† is much like Sammy in John Updike’s â€Å"A&P†. Sammy, too, begins the story by relating his interest in â€Å"Queenie†, the bikini-clad girl who is shopping in the A&P grocery store where he works. After Sammy witnesses the other patron’s shock and his boss’s rudeness, he is determined to stand up for the girl and her friends in the hope she will notice his bravery. In the end, however, the girls are long gone by the time Sammy quits his job and leaves the store. Sammy, much like the narrator in â€Å"Araby†, realizes his desire should not be the deciding force in his life, but rather it is his own convictions and beliefs which should dictate his behavior, determining â€Å"how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (Updike, 36). A key difference between the two main characters is the level of their devotion. The narrator in â€Å"Araby† necessarily exhibits a more distant, but more deep, level of emotion for the object of his desire, based on the time period and setting of the story. Because he is less worldly, he does not imagine anything more tantalizing than what her hair feels like or what her knees might look like beneath her petticoat. Sammy, on the other hand, is more desirous of seeing a lot more flesh and less interested in behaving romantically. Again, this is certainly due to the difference in years between the stories as well as the acceptable society norms of their respective time periods, but it also illustrates how much deeper a more innocent love can be.

See Order Info Example

See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example Ethics What Would Be The Dilemma And The Implications Of Such A Crime On The Individual, The Family, The Community, And Society Stealing is a crime, which affects the life of individual, family as well as the society. As per the norms of society, any kind of stealing is considered a punishable offence. Similarly, stealing food is a crime and people who are involved into this type of crime should be punishable by law because it affects the life of other people within society and community. The dilemma that is associated with the provided crime scenario is noted to be largely affecting the overall needs of family members, society and community. Rather the basic needs of an individual and stealing for fulfilling such needs can be a serious issue as the person who is involved in this type of crime reflects on his criminal tendencies (FAO Org, 2012). However, in the provided case the purpose of stealing is to arrange the food for the family members and fulfill their basic needs, which is stated as the fundamental duty of the individual. Therefore, in this case it is can be stated that there is a huge amount of moral underpinnings associated with the same. Thus, it is evident from the case scenario a huge amount of dilemma that is associated with meeting the basic needs of the individuals. Rather it is evident that at the ethical grounds meeting with the basic needs of the family is a fundamental duty of the individual whereas taking jurisdiction view the same is punishable before law. Hence, it could be termed that the act that is committed by the individual is noted to be ethically correct whereas the same is violating the needs of legal bindings associated with the same for the overall progression of the society as well as the community (FAO Org, 2012). ReferenceFAO Org. (2012). Social protection of food security. Community on World Food Security, 7-95. See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example The Affordable Care Act Important Elements of the Affordable Care Act In Relation To Community and Public Health The ‘Affordable Care Act’, which introduced by the US President Barack Obama, possesses certain special attributes. A few of them include free of cost preventive care, discount on the medicinal value for the elders and ensuring providing effective as well as quality care to the patients. Above all, in relation to community and public health, one of the important constituents of the Affordable Care Act is recognized as that it enables free medical coverage for the children until they reach 26 years of age. The Act has been playing a decisive role in the transformation of the existing healthcare system in the nation. Justifiably, the ‘American Nurses Association’ (ANA) has designed a chart based upon the guidelines of the Act, which provides detailed understanding about the recent changes made in the field of healthcare and their implications for fu ture. Apart from this, adopting effective measures towards safeguarding against healthcare fraud is deemed to be the other important element of the above discussed Act (Hall, 2011). Role of the Nurse in Implementing the Affordable Care ActFor the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, the job of the nurses is deemed to be much vital, as their roles are multi-faceted. It has been quite evident that healthcare nurses provide expert treatment services and education to the people who are entitled to receive the same. On the other hand, school nurses promote health prevention measures amid the students of distinct schools. Occupational healthcare nurses are involved in monitoring, promoting and working over environment related concerns. Correctional nurses engage in offering medical services to the prisoners in jail (American Nurses Association, Inc., 2014). Thus, by segregating the job tasks of the various nurses’ type, their role in executing the stated Act can be determined . ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association, Inc. (2014). Health care transformation: The Affordable Care Act and more. Retrieved from nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/HealthSystemReform/AffordableCareAct.pdfHall, M. A. (2011). Risk adjustment under the Affordable Care Act: A guide for federal and state regulators. Issue Brief, 7, 1-11. See Order Info Example See Order Info – Coursework Example Response Paper of Learning Response Paper I did like this article, because it focuses on the problem of seriously ill people. The author considers extremely important issue, namely the issue of futile treatment. Futile treatment is understood as a treatment that is not effective for the patient and as a result, the patient is forced to experience excruciating pain. In fact, futile treatment is often associated with moral dilemmas. Despite the constant development of modern science, medicine still cannot offer an effective treatment for all human diseases. Many patients have to experience serious suffering for the simple reason that the medicine cannot give them an effective treatment able to stop their suffering. In this regard, not only medical staff but also family members of the patient are faced with a serious dilemma. They have to decide whether it makes sense to continue the senseless treatment while their relative is experiencing terrible suffering and asks to save him/her fro m them. The situation is extremely difficult and painful. The relatives of the patient have to give him/her the opportunity to die in peace while it suggests a hasty farewell with the loved one. The value of this amazing article is that it draws attention to the psychological complexity of the situation. The author emphasizes the special role of medical students who should provide psychological assistance to both the patient and his/her relatives. This task is extremely important because a medical student is the mediator between the two sides and he/she should help both sides reach an agreement. In this regard, the work of medical students is very stressful.ReferencesLi, M. (2012). Dealing with futile treatment: A medical students perspective. Australian Medical Student Journal, 3(2), 58-60.

Australian visions Essays

Australian visions Essays Australian visions Essay Australian visions Essay Different Australian visions are frequently portrayed in assorted texts and gesture images. Australian movie Strictly Ballroom 1992 is a great illustration as the manager uses really extraordinary and theatrical manner of filmmaking to show a humourous narrative that reflects assorted ideals in Australian society with filming and movie techniques. The film non merely showcases the character of the underdog particularly through the character of Fran. but besides illustrates the construct of multiculturalism and the thought of accomplishing dreams on the land of Australia. which are all constructs that relates to different facet of Australian visions. On the other manus the verse form My country’ written by Dorothea McKellar. expresses other ideals of Australia that are more straight related with the land. Through the usage of poetic techniques such as metaphor the poet was able to picture both the natural danger and beauty of the state that are besides valued as of import porti on of Australian visions. One of the chief focal points of the film Strictly Ballroom is the feature of the underdog. a term that is closely associated with Australian values. The belief of giving everyone a just spell is to the full expressed through the narrative discharge of Fran. whom like the ugly duckling was transformed into something beautiful by the terminal of the film. This construct is expressed through the Baz Luhrmann’s portray of this character. The apposition between her first visual aspect and her public presentation at the terminal to the full showcases Fran’s function as the underdog. This is reinforced with her ruddy frock and the lighting used during the stoping of the film. Differs to other contestants’ apparels that looked superficial and extraordinary. the reliable coloring material of ruddy used for Fran made her stood out as a glamourous. confident and beautiful adult female. which is wholly different to her apparently unattractive first visual aspect from the start of the movie. This is further on supported by the lighting of the film. which non merely focuses on her and Scott’s dance. but besides stresses the affect of the ruddy costume. doing the frock about a dramatic symbol of her successful transmutation and accomplishment within this movie. On the other manus. the impact of her visual aspect besides to the full represents Australian’s idealization of the underdog. Another subject of Strictly Ballroom is the thought of multiculturalism as this film depicts the transformed modern society that accepts and embraces cultural differences. This is expressed through the usage of music in the movie. For most portion of the film the music used is traditional dance hall tonss or Australian authoritative vocals such as time after time’ . which makes the simple instrumental Spanish music played in Fran’s house stood out. This non merely illustrates the differences between Fran and Scott’s background but besides puts the audience i nto the character’s places to see another type of dancing and civilization that exists on the land of Australia. This construct is once more strengthened at the last scene of the film when all the audiences joined with Scott’s parents and danced together. The long shooting that presents the incorporate crowd combines with mid shootings that focus on specific people like Fran’s male parent who has different background reinforce the positive intension of multiculturalism. This besides presents Strictly Ballroom as a film that mirrored the value of modern-day Australian society. which is all about credence and embracing. The pursue for dream is a construct that is extremely valued in Australia and the film Strictly Ballroom relate this thought with the impression of get the better ofing fright and the challenge of authorization. The focal point on lines such as A life lived in fright is a life half lived shows the importance of this in relation to the character’s will of accomplishing their ends. However their desire is frequently dishearten by the dancing federation. The uninterrupted usage of low angle shootings and the deficiency of music playing when characters such as Barry Fife talked set up their province of power. which the chief characters have to suppress. This besides made the scene from terminal of the film extremely symbolic. With the success of Scott and Fran’s public presentation. there was a high angle shooting picturing a falling Fife who tumbled with the trophies on the tabular array that contrasted with the old usage of low angel shootings. This scene non merely served as a amusing alleviation for its audience but besides represents the ruin of the authorization. emphasizing the significance of this confrontation in footings of the Scott and Fran’s accomplish of their dream. In context of this movie. these thoughts reflect the possibility of making one’s end in Australia. Just like the character of the underdog this besides relate to the stereotyped impression that this land epitomize a sense of hope and cha nce. My state written by Dorothea Mackellar is a verse form that illustrates both the natural beauty and danger of Australia. picturing really different visions of the same state in comparing to Strictly Ballroom. The poet’s repeated use of assorted rocks to depict the nature scenery of this state non merely stresses the genuineness of those characteristics. but besides made the rocks a metaphor for the land’s perfection. This is seen through lines such as An opal-hearted country’ and Sapphire-misted mountain’ . which continuously reinforce the echt impression of beauty in Australia. On the other manus Mackellar besides uses personification to depict the danger of this land. Lines such as Her beauty and her terror’ and her pitiless blue sky’ strengthen the image of the threating nature environment. giving the readers a existent sense of fright and worship for the poet’s state. Even though this text shared limited similarity with Baz Luhrman n’s Strictly Ballroom. it still manages to show visions and word pictures of Australia that is extremely valued in this state.

Structure of organization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Structure of organization - Case Study Example Under such desperate circumstances, the company executives should move from the vertical organizational structure to the flat organizational structure. Under this system, the coordination between the employees will increase, the functional processes will get integrated and the organizational goals will get aligned with the individual goals. Hence, this will result in Aquarius agency turning into a learning organization that will foster increased employee empowerment and increased customer satisfaction. Analysis of the Current Structure of the Organization Presently, the company is running under the tall structure of organizational hierarchy. According to this structure, there are three comprehensive departments such as marketing, Operations and Accounts. These major departments are supported by 2 one men departments that are, Human Resource and Finance. This structure was a best fit for the organization previously since it created provision for specialized tasks, well defined guideli nes for the employees, proper job description for each employee and a high power distance. Due to the present tall organizational structure, there are few teams in the company and functions are characterized by centralized decision making procedures. These features of the organizational structure enable the higher management to wield power and take decisions in the most professional and judicious way (Daft, 1991). However, the present system is also creating a big cloud of problems as the clientele gets involved and communication gaps begin to widen up. The miscommunication between the cross functional supervisors due to mismanaged communication networks has led to employees being constantly disgruntled by the current functioning of the organization. It is quite evident that the account executive is fed up of the constant direct communications between the clients and the specialists like those of marketing and operations. These direct meetings between the clients and the organizatio nal specialists led these employees to trespass their domains of authority and make decisions without consulting their executives. Since this phenomenon is not considered appropriate under the implemented organizational structure, this created serious problems in the value chain of the company and in the coordination in the business functions. This not only perturbs the organizational setting but also hurts the company reputation as the customers are unable to receive their desired value on time (Daft, 2003). The high power distance also led to delayed decisions and lack of coordination between the various organizational entities. These problems ultimately led to extreme job dissatisfaction for the employees like the accounts executives. The limited domain of authority of individual employees resulting from high power distance also made functional problems for the company. The plethora of problems experienced by the organization ultimately led to disgruntled customer base which subs equently led to fewer sales. Under the vertical structure employed by

Developing Cross-Cultural Capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developing Cross-Cultural Capability - Essay Example Despite the development made by Hall, the ideas were still discreet. Later, Hoftstede (1980; 2000) brought about actual developments in the idea of cross-cultural management. On one hand, five distinct cultural dimensions were identified by Hofstede (1991; 1993) that sets two countries apart. On the other hand, seven similar cultural dimensions were identified by Trompenaars (1993). The five of the seven common cultural dimensions as identified by the research scholars are individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus femininity, power distance and long-term versus short-term orientation (Hofstede, 1980; 2000). In the due course of working as an HR head for the company, the researcher has realized that the company is planning to take its first step in the international field and has no prior experiences of business expansions across borders. In addition, majority of the managers who have worked or are still working either belong to the European Union co untries or UK. Given the aforementioned fact, for a business expanding into countries like, Nigeria, China and Brazil, the five cultural dimensions may pose severe challenges as well as present with prospective opportunities, as far as the theory of cross-cultural management is concerned. For example, it has been witnessed in many empirical researches that majority of the European companies find it very hard to understand the aspect of collectivism followed by Chinese employees (Cheng, Jiang and Riley, 2003; Chen, Tsui and Farh, 2002).

Exploring a Work of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring a Work of Art - Essay Example The subject, color, style, and theme successfully depict the main tenets common during the Romantic Age. A formalist analysis of the work may lead to a better understanding of the work and the message being conveyed by the artist. In addition, some research on what other people have to say about the work will help attain a complete analysis. Background of the Author Caspar David Friedrich was a German painter born to a poor family in 1774 in Greifswald, Germany. Despite poverty, the artist attended formal art study with artist Johann Gottfried Quistorp, who conducted art lessons mostly outdoors. This training and exposure to outdoor life helped Friedrich to master the local color and environment thus helped the artist master the art of landscape. According to Vaughan (65), Friedrich’s paintings, which generally reveal Romantic Age ideas, make him â€Å"one of the most important artists† during his time. â€Å"The Monk by the Sea,† an oil on canvass by Caspar Davi d Friedrich in 1809. Analysis of Form A formalist analysis of the color, space, line and texture could lead to discovering the artist’s overall craftsmanship. Color can be considered the most important element in the painting because it is through color that the artist achieves meaning. Notably, contrast is applied with the use of white against the dark green background and the black suit of the monk. This contrast reflects the theme of confusion but considering that the white takes a larger space than the dark colors, taken by the white color, the theme of good versus evil may be implied as darkness may be associated with evil (Guerin 34). Minimalism, a characteristic of Romantic art, is applied with the minimal use of colors. Through minimalism, the artist achieves focus and emotionality. Adding in several colors would have made the painting look less gloomy, hence distorting the message. Importantly, Friedrich used dark green instead of blue for the sea. This may be a litt le questionable considering the usual color of the sea. Nevertheless, the dark emerald green color implies the depth and mystery of the sea. It could also mean unusualness in the life of the monk. Depicting the sea with great darkness, Friedrich made it a point to limit this part to at least one-eighths of the canvass. This allows the other images, such as the sky, the land, and the monk to take form, while it allows the purpose of showing the location of the monk at the same time. Specifically, the center clouds where a rich combination of colors is applied, capture the motion of light breaking into the darkness and at the same time the darkness eating up the light. Such drama found in nature suggests some Romantic thoughts that could likewise draw out sentimentality from the audience. Space is also another important element. The whole image can be divided horizontally into three different parts, namely, the sky, the sea, and the land. The great expanse of the sky, which covers at least â€Å"five-sixths of the canvass† (Web Gallery of Art, n.d.), attracts attention considering the light it sheds on the whole image. Through devoting much space to the sky, the artist achieves artistic drama, which is very typical of the Romantic Movement. On the issue of emphasis, Friedrich attains emphasis with the proper use of space as he allows a larger part of the canvass to be plain. If he made the figure of the

Short Stories Essay Lamb to the Slaughter Essay Example for Free

Short Stories Essay Lamb to the Slaughter Essay Most murder mysteries often have a motive to prompt an investigation, and most classic murder mysteries include a detective to solve the case. Murder mysteries obviously also include a murder, may it be spectacular, cold blooded or accidental. There is also a murderer and a victim and a weapon of some description.. However, not all murder mysteries involve an alibi which in my opinion, adds to the suspense of the story. The main focus of a murder mystery is the location of the story or where it is set. There may be many different locations in a murder story, however there must be one main location for the story to be effective. Lamb to the Slaughter was written by Roald Dahl who is infamous for his enthralling stories, most of which are directed at a younger audience. It was first published in 1954. In Lamb to the Slaughter, the use of modern language automatically gives the impression that it is written in the present day. Roald Dahl is much more famous for his stories which are directed at a younger audience, however Lamb to the Slaughter is directed at an older audience ranging from GCSE students to adults. In his style of writing, Roald Dahl always writes about ordinary people who get involved in difficult situations to make his stories more suspenseful. The other short story, which I will be investigating, is The Speckled Band. The Speckled Band was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and it was first published in 1892. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is infamous for writing The Sherlock Holmes Adventures and The Speckled Band is just one story of many and The Speckled Band is written in speech of the time when it was first published much like Lamb to the Slaughter. Much more formal English language was used when compared to Lamb to the Slaughter. The main characters in The Speckled Band are Holmes and Watson and you could tell that they were well educated just by analysing how they spoke. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles creation has had worldwide success and has also been made into a Television series. The stories prove so popular because of the way Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote the stories. He was very descriptive and gave the reader a real atmosphere of what it must be like to be in Sherlock Holmes Land. The setting also enhances the suspense and the atmosphere of the stories which is also another successful formula, which proves the Sherlock Holmes Stories to be  so popular. Sherlock Holmes is probably thee most famous detective in the world now and it is all thanks to the creation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band are both murder stories however they both deal with different types of murders. However in both stories there is a focus on animals that being the snake in The Speckled Band and the Leg Of Lamb in Lamb to the Slaughter. The Speckled Band is the longer, more sophisticated story of the pair and deals with exotic animals. This may be a personal theme of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. While the Lamb to the Slaughter murder is brutally simple, but in this case the murder is so good the murderess gets off. In the Speckled Band we want the detective to solve the murder to tell us how it was done, while in the Lamb to the Slaughter we know how the murder was committed, and we read on to see if she gets away with it. We also have two different styles as one of them was written in the 19th Century and the other in the 20th Century. The Speckled Band starts with the reader being introduced to how many cases Dr Holmes and Watson have solved and also what sort of cases these were. These cases were not ordinary cases, they were all difficult; strange, but none-commonplace, so any normal cases were shunned. The first sentence is also very long; taking up eight lines, so the reader can get background all in one go, without having to refer back to anywhere. The story is retrospect, as the plot of the story has already been started. We are introduced to the case and Dr Holmes; by Dr Watson, the faithful companion to Holmes. The entire first paragraph is devoted to describing the case of Dr Grimesby Roylott of Stoke Moran The first mention we get of Holmes is when at the beginning of the second paragraph he wakes Watson up, which we find unusual as, we are told he is a late riser. At the bottom of the next page we get our first archaism of the story. These are old style words or phrases that are now no longer in use, the one we get here is intimate friend, in this sentence he is referring to Dr Watson, and now most people no longer say male friends are intimate. We also get the feeling that Holmes has collected a considerable amount of money for his efforts on the seventy odd cases he has solved. This is shown by the fact he is only a bachelor; but he still manages to have a maid, and  he also drinks coffee which is an expensive drink; as in 1883 coffee was a recent import and so only for the upper classes. He is also respectful and a gentlemen and cares a lot for people, You must not fear, he said leaning forward and patting her arm. We then come across defray which is another archaism and means to make good or repay. We also find that Holmes finds his work rewarding, as when Miss Stoner says she cant pay yet, Holmes lets her pay when she can. The narrative then told by Miss Stoner goes on to say she was a step daughter to one of the oldest Saxon families in England, this family has fallen apart as has the Saxons. Being old as well would mean they were honourable. The estate had stretched to Berkshire and Hampshire, which are both rich a reas. The Dr Grimesby Roylott went to Calcutta, which was the jewel in the crown, of the British Empire, and soon got a prison sentence for beating a native butler to death, but as he was white, he did not get a death sentence. This shows us that he had a huge temper and was strong enough to kill someone with a beating. While in the Indies he married Mrs Stoner who had ?1000 a year, which would be given to him while her daughters resided with him. So when she died shortly after they returned to England near Crewe in a railway accident, they moved in with Dr Grimesby Roylott back to his roots at Stoke Moran. While they lived with him the ?1000 a year saw to all their needs. Until Doctor Grimesby Roylott changed and started throwing fits of anger, and as he was a man of immense strength he often got into brawls. It was said to be part hereditary and part from living in the tropics for so long. He had even thrown the local blacksmith over a bridge, so if he could do that to a blacksmith, normal people had no chance. He also allowed gypsies onto his land, and would disappear off with them for weeks at a time. He also had a cheetah and a baboon roaming his land, showing that he could not leave India behind. Her sister met a half-pay Major of Marines at her aunts house, and if she were to marry him Dr Grimesby Roylott would have to pay ?250 a year of his ?1000. A half pay soldier is a private soldier who already has enough money to live, and doesnt need paying; he is an amateur soldier. On the day of the murder the weather had been bad and full of forbidding, offering perhaps some pathetic fallacy of the awful deed done that night. Then from the story being quiet and conversational it very quickly turns into a scene of action and murder. The last words of her sister were very confusing, and so puzzled everyone;  which added mystery and cynicism. The next main event was when Percy Armitage asks for her hand in marriage. When this happens she is told to move to the room where her sister had died. From this point onwards the reader is very neutral, as they talk of what to do, and in a classic Sherlock Holmes way he talks of what to do and when to do it, but it will all happen because of logic. The next page is just Dr Holmes summing up and analysing all that he has been told. Dr Grimesby Roylott then burst through the door and starts shouting and threatening Holmes, he is never phased by any of this and responds quietly and politely to the raging shouts directed at him. We then see the great detective start on his quest; he shows he is also well aquatinted with firearms as he tells Watson to get an Eleys No2. So they then set off on the journey to Stoke Moran, when reached the story tells of the darkness surrounding Stoke Moran, and the Great House and its owner. During this part of the story, Watson asks Holmes questions on behalf of the reader, and so the reader gets all the information that Watson gets. Sherlock Holmes then goes through the whole process of trying to solve the mystery of how the murderer got into the house room, but it is without success, so it is still a mystery to Watson, the reader and probably Holmes. It is obvious though over the next few pages that Holmes begins to understand how the murder was committed. It is also shown that he begins to dislike Dr Grimesby Roylott increasingly, as he understands more about the murder and how it was committed. We then get the plan of Sherlock Holmes to show us how the murder was committed. The plan works perfectly, but with one fatal part for Dr Grimesby Roylott. The doctor is bitten by the murder weapon, the evil doctor dies dressed even in death in an eastern style. After this we are brought up to date by Dr Watson as he finishes writing the narrative. The start of the Lamb to the Slaughter differs from the Speckled Band because it is in the pas-tense. It builds up a picture. It also shows that it is in the 20th century as it has a Thermos bucket. We are then introduced straight away with no description a character who is Mary Maloney, who is six months with a child; and so an unlikely murderer. Where as in the Speckled Band we are introduced to Holmes after a page of description of his background; and  he is the story. The story style is more immediate and straightforward, and in the Speckled Band we have Dr Watson as a filter to help us. We get description of movement over the next paragraphs. This helps us to assess the mood in the house, and the tension between the two people. We also get to know the characters, and their routines, where as in the Speckled band we know who the main characters are and what they do, while out of no where we are told that Mr Maloney is a policeman with no build up to it all. We are also told that the couple have a conversation that lasts only about four or five minutes. We are not told what happened in this conversation, so we are forced to make our own opinion, of what he said to her, while in the Speckled Band we are given every detail. We are then made to make up our own mind about this and the next part of the story, when she walks across the room, she couldnt even feel her feet touching the floor. This shows she is walking on an autopilot, she may have pre-meditated the murder. She then goes downstairs to get the leg of lamb. We are told all this in the Lamb to the slaughter, but in the Speckled Band we dont know what the murder weapon is, but we do know that it is pre-meditated. We are then told that Mrs Maloney goes out to the shops to get an alibi, that she was happy and chirpy and not looking or acting like someone who had just committed murder, she puts on the face of a expectant mother and a very happy wife. She does this perfectly and gets th e alibi needed for later in the story. So when she gets back to the house she does not need to act to cry or feel sorrow at the death of her husband because she really loved him, and was probably sorry for killing him. The stories do also differ as, one person calls all the moves of the investigation, and the other has a team of people working all working together to try and solve the murder, when the single investigator solves the crime and the group of detectives fail. We then get a long drawn out conversation between the policemen, which is all-ironic. As they talk about the murder weapon, they are describing the joint that they are eating. Towards the end Mary gets referred less and less as a person and more as an object; this shows her identity as a murderer is disappearing. Both of the murders are perfectly planned and carried out, but the one has a detective, which we need to solve the case, and the other is a case of will the murderer be caught?